Cargo Weight Calculation: Gross, Net, and Volumetric
Three weight concepts in freight: gross (with packaging), net (product only), and volumetric (calculated from dimensions). Carriers charge the greater of actual or volumetric weight. Different modes use different volumetric divisors.
Weight Types
Gross Weight
Total weight including packaging, pallets, and wrapping. Used on customs declarations and transport documents.
Net Weight
Product weight only, excluding packaging. Used for some duty calculations.
Volumetric Weight
Calculated from package dimensions. Reflects space occupied vs actual weight. Different divisors per mode:
| Mode | Formula | Divisor |
|---|---|---|
| Air | cm³ / 6,000 | 6,000 |
| Road (Turkey) | cm³ / 3,000 (desi) | 3,000 |
| Sea (LCL) | 1 m³ = 1,000 kg | 1:1 |
| Express courier | cm³ / 5,000 | 5,000 |
Chargeable Weight
Carriers compare actual weight with volumetric weight. The greater value is the chargeable weight used for pricing.
Example: Box 50x40x30 cm, 5 kg. Air volumetric: 60,000/6,000 = 10 kg. Chargeable: 10 kg (volumetric wins).
FAQ
Which weight for LTL?
Volume (m³) is primary. Weight considered if exceeding 333 kg/m³.
Gross vs net on customs?
Both required on declarations. Duty basis varies by product/code.
How to reduce volumetric weight?
Compact packing, vacuum bags, disassemble furniture, right-sized boxes.
Tare weight?
Weight of packaging alone. Gross = Net + Tare.
References
- IATA Weight Rules
- IMO Container VGM
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